Kusuka ku-BBC News Umswakama wase-Indonesia: Kungani amahlathi eqhubeka nokusha? Kushicilelwe ngomhlaka-16 Septhemba 2019
Cishe njalo ngonyaka, izingxenye eziningi zase-Indonesia ziyasha. Uthuli olunentuthu lumboza isifunda saseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia - okubonisa ukubuya kwemililo yamahlathi e-Indonesia.
Kwabaningi kulesi sifunda, isibhakabhaka esimpunga kanye nephunga elibi elihlala isikhathi eside akuyona into engavamile.
Kodwa yini ebangela le mililo - futhi kungani amahlathi ase-Indonesia esha minyaka yonke?
Yini ebangela ubumnyama?
Ngokusho kwenhlangano yezinhlekelele kazwelonke yase-Indonesia, kube namahektha angu-328,724 omhlaba oshisiwe kulo nyaka kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti kuphela.
Ukusha kuvame ukuba sezingeni eliphezulu kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba ngesikhathi sesomiso sase-Indonesia.
Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa lezi zimo ukuze basuse izitshalo ukuze kutshalwe uwoyela wesundu, u-pulp kanye nephepha besebenzisa indlela yokusika nokushisa.
Zivame ukuphuma zingalawuleki futhi zisakazekele ezindaweni ezivikelwe amahlathi.
Inkinga iye yanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje njengoba kuhlanzwe umhlaba omningi wokukhulisa amasimu okuhweba ngamafutha esundu okunenzuzo.
Indawo eshile nayo iyoma, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ibambe umlilo ngesikhathi esizayo lapho kuba nezindawo zokusikwa nokushiswa.
Ukusha Kubangela Ukungcoliswa Komoya
Umswakama uvame ukuba ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ububanzi. Usakazekele eMalaysia, eSingapore, eningizimu yeThailand nasePhilippines, okubangele ukuwohloka okukhulu kwekhwalithi yomoya.EMalaysia, amakhulu ezikole aphoqeleke ukuvala ngemuva kokuba umswakama ufinyelele “emazingeni angewona anempilo” angu-208 ku-Air Pollutants Index (API) ezifundeni eziningana.Ngo-2015, izinga le-PSI eSingapore laliku-341 - izikole zaphoqeleka ukuvala kanti izitolo eziningana zokudla okusheshayo zamisa izinsizakalo zazo zokulethwa kwezidingo.Kuzo zombili izinkomba, ukufundwa okungaphezu kwe-100 kubhekwa njengokungaphilile futhi noma yini engaphezu kwe-300 iyingozi.Abaningi eSingapore bagqoke imaski ekhethekile yokulwa nomswakama.Kodwa kuse-Indonesia lapho umthelela uzwakala khona kakhulu.EPalangkaraya, inhloko-dolobha yeKalimantan ephakathi, i-Air Quality Index (AQI) ifinyelele ku-2000 ngeSonto, ngokusho kweGreenpeace Indonesia.Noma yini ephakathi kuka-301-500 ibhekwa njengeyingozi.
"Angikaze ngivule amafasitela neminyango amasonto amabili," kusho uLilis Alice, omunye umhlali. "Ekuseni, kumnyama. Uma ngingaphakathi endlini kufanele ngikhanyise izibani. Kumnyama kakhulu."
Umswakama Ubangela Umonakalo Empilweni
Ngaphandle kokucasula indlela yokuphefumula kanye namehlo, ukungcola okusebumnyameni kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wesikhathi eside empilweni.Izinkomba ezisetshenziswa ukukala ikhwalithi yomoya esifundeni zivame ukukala izinto ezincane (PM10), izinto ezincane (PM2.5), i-sulphur dioxide, i-carbon monoxide, i-nitrogen dioxide kanye ne-ozone.I-PM2.5 ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu njengoba ingangena ijule emaphashini. Ihlotshaniswa nokubanga izifo zokuphefumula kanye nomonakalo wamaphaphu.
Nokho, kunzima ukuyeka ukusha
Indlela yokusika nokushisa esetshenziswa abaningi esifundeni cishe iyindlela elula kakhulu yabalimi yokuhlanza umhlaba wabo futhi ibasize baqede noma yisiphi isifo okungenzeka ukuthi sithinte izitshalo zabo.
Kodwa akubona abalimi abancane kuphela abasebenza lapha.
Amasimu kawoyela wesundu abiza kakhulu e-Indonesia.Iningi lale mililo liqalwa izinkampani ezinkulu ezifuna ukutshala amasimu esundu kawoyela.I-Indonesia ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wamafutha esundu futhi isidingo salo mkhiqizo besilokhu sikhula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo somhlaba owengeziwe wokutshala amafutha esundu.Ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu ezisolwa ngokushisa ngokungemthetho zinabatshalizimali baseMalaysia naseSingapore.Ukucekela phansi nokushisa akuvumelekile e-Indonesia kodwa kuvunyelwe ukuqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Lena inkinga.Ngaphansi kwalesi simo, abantu badinga isihlanzi somoya ukusiza ukuhlanza umoya, ukususa intuthu, uthuli, i-PM2.5.Nasi iseluleko sezinye zezihlanzi zethu zomoya zokususa intuthu, ezingasusa intuthu ngempumelelo, izinhlayiya, namaphunga. Sicela uhlole izixhumanisi zomkhiqizo wezihlanzi zomoya ezingezansi:
Isihlanzi Somoya Sababhemi Basehhovisi Indawo Yokubhema Ihlunga Intuthu Ngokushesha
Umkhiqizi Womshini Wokuhlanza Umoya Umthengisi We-H13 H14 HEPA Wokuhlanza Umoya Ubulala Amagciwane
I-Airdow ingumthengisi ochwepheshe wokukhiqiza izihlanzi zomoya kusukela ngo-1997. Njengoba ineminyaka engu-25 yesipiliyoni, i-airdow ine-chain yokuhlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi engakuqinisekisa intengo encintisanayo. Ukuhlolwa kwefektri ye-Airdow pass Home Depot, ukuhlolwa kwefektri ye-Electrolux, ukuhlolwa kwefektri ye-Grainger, ongakwethemba. I-Airdow inesistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi ephelele, kufaka phakathi i-IQC, i-PQC, ne-OQC, ekwenza uthole umkhiqizo wekhwalithi enhle.
Ufuna ifektri yokuhlanza umoya? Silapha.Sishiyele umlayezo!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2022
